Emotion

The passions belong to the lower parts of the soul; reason must govern spirit and appetite for the soul to be harmonious.

Emotions are judgments about good and evil accompanied by pleasure or pain; the virtuous person feels them at the right time, toward the right objects.

The passions are movements of the sensitive appetite; eleven passions ordered under the concupiscible and irascible powers.

Emotions are motions toward or from objects; they are the springs of all voluntary action.

Six primitive passions arise from the union of soul and body; the soul governs them through the will.

An affect is a confused idea; the mind's power over the passions comes from adequate knowledge, not willpower.

Reason is and ought to be the slave of the passions; moral distinctions derive from sentiment, not reason.

The passions must not determine the will; only respect for the moral law is a morally worthy motive.

Emotion is the feeling of bodily changes that follow perception of an exciting fact; we are afraid because we tremble.

Affects are derivatives of repressed instinctual drives; unconscious emotion shapes conscious life from below.