1. Homer, Books XVI, XVIII, XXII
2. Herodotus, Books I, VII
3. Aristotle, On Interpretation Chapter 9; Book III
4. Lucretius, Book II
5. Epictetus, Book I;
6. Marcus Aurelius, Books II–V
7. Augustine, Book V
8. Boethius, Books IV–V
9. Aquinas, I, QQ. 22–23, 116
10. Spinoza, , Part I, Appendix; Part II
11. Tolstoy, , Epilogues and the historical chapters of Books IX–XV