1. Aristotle, Book III, Chapters 6–9; Book III
2. Epictetus, Book IV, Chapter 1;
3. Augustine, ; Book V
4. Aquinas, I-II, Questions 6, 10, 13
5. Milton,
6. Hobbes, , Part II Chapter 21
7. Locke, , Chapter 4
8. Rousseau, , Books I–II
9. Kant, ;
10. Hegel, , Introduction; Philosophy of History, Introduction
11. Mill,
12. Marx, On the Jewish Question;