Metaphysics

Form

What makes a thing the kind of thing it is: an intelligible pattern, an indwelling principle, or a structure imposed by the mind?

Ancient Greek
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Hellenistic/Roman
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Patristic/Medieval
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Renaissance/Early Modern
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Enlightenment
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19th Century
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finis

The Reading List

Follow this thread through the primary texts, in the order they enter the conversation.

1. Plato, ; ; ; Books VI–VII
2. Aristotle, Books VII–VIII, XII; Book II
3. Plotinus, , V.8–9; VI.7
4. Augustine, XII; VIII
5. Aquinas, I, QQ. 15, 75–76;
6. Descartes, ;
7. Locke, , Book III
8. Leibniz, ;
9. Kant, , Transcendental Aesthetic and Analytic
10. Hegel, , Doctrine of Essence
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