Medicine

Disease has natural causes, and the physician's art lies in observing the body, not appeasing the gods.

Medicine is to the body what justice is to the soul, and a city that needs too many doctors is already sick.

Health is nature's own achievement; the physician merely removes what stands in nature's way.

The body operates through natural faculties whose workings can be traced by anatomy, and health depends on the right balance of the four humors.

Medicine is a subordinate art that cooperates with nature's healing power, and the habits of the body mirror the habits of the soul.

Medicine must abandon ancient authority and advance by methodical experiment; the prolongation of life is a legitimate and attainable goal.

The body is a machine, and medicine is the mechanics of living matter; complete knowledge of physics would give us mastery over disease.

Medical knowledge is limited by the body's complexity; the physician must settle for probable knowledge grounded in careful observation.

Psychoanalysis extends medicine to the mind: neurosis is illness with discoverable causes and a therapeutic method.