The Thinkers

Homer

c. 8th century BC

6 ideas

Aeschylus

525–456 BC

4 ideas

Sophocles

497–406 BC

6 ideas

Herodotus

c. 484–425 BC

4 ideas

Euripides

480–406 BC

3 ideas

Thucydides

c. 460–400 BC

6 ideas

Hippocrates

c. 460–370 BC

1 idea

Aristophanes

446–386 BC

3 ideas

Plato

428–348 BC

86 ideas

Aristotle

384–322 BC

99 ideas

Euclid

fl. c. 300 BC

1 idea

Archimedes

c. 287–212 BC

1 idea

Cicero

106–43 BC

4 ideas

Lucretius

c. 99–55 BC

20 ideas

Virgil

70–19 BC

3 ideas

Plutarch

c. 46–120 AD

6 ideas

Epictetus

50–135 AD

13 ideas

Tacitus

c. 56–120

1 idea

Ptolemy

c. 100–170 AD

1 idea

Marcus Aurelius

121–180 AD

9 ideas

Galen

129–c. 216

3 ideas

Plotinus

204–270

21 ideas

Augustine

354–430

57 ideas

Boethius

c. 480–524 AD

1 idea

Anselm of Canterbury

1033–1109

1 idea

Thomas Aquinas

1225–1274

95 ideas

Dante Alighieri

1265–1321

9 ideas

Geoffrey Chaucer

c. 1343–1400

2 ideas

Niccolò Machiavelli

1469–1527

11 ideas

Nicolaus Copernicus

1473–1543

1 idea

John Calvin

1509–1564

3 ideas

Michel de Montaigne

1533–1592

19 ideas

Miguel de Cervantes

1547–1616

3 ideas

Francis Bacon

1561–1626

15 ideas

Galileo Galilei

1564–1642

4 ideas

William Shakespeare

1564–1616

11 ideas

Johannes Kepler

1571–1630

2 ideas

William Harvey

1578–1657

1 idea

Thomas Hobbes

1588–1679

46 ideas

René Descartes

1596–1650

41 ideas

John Milton

1608–1674

5 ideas

Blaise Pascal

1623–1662

6 ideas

Christiaan Huygens

1629–1695

1 idea

Baruch Spinoza

1632–1677

16 ideas

Isaac Newton

1642–1727

13 ideas

John Locke

1632–1704

56 ideas

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

1646–1716

12 ideas

George Berkeley

1685–1753

6 ideas

Montesquieu

1689–1755

15 ideas

David Hume

1711–1776

42 ideas

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

1712–1778

25 ideas

Adam Smith

1723–1790

2 ideas

Immanuel Kant

1724–1804

77 ideas

Edward Gibbon

1737–1794

2 ideas

Thomas Jefferson

1743–1826

1 idea

Antoine Lavoisier

1743–1794

2 ideas

Hamilton & Madison

1787–1788

8 ideas

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

1749–1832

1 idea

Joseph Fourier

1768–1830

1 idea

G.W.F. Hegel

1770–1831

49 ideas

Michael Faraday

1791–1867

2 ideas

Alexis de Tocqueville

1805–1859

5 ideas

John Stuart Mill

1806–1873

37 ideas

Charles Darwin

1809–1882

3 ideas

Søren Kierkegaard

1813–1855

1 idea

Karl Marx

1818–1883

14 ideas

Herman Melville

1819–1891

1 idea

Fyodor Dostoyevsky

1821–1881

7 ideas

Leo Tolstoy

1828–1910

10 ideas

Friedrich Nietzsche

1844–1900

1 idea

William James

1842–1910

23 ideas

Sigmund Freud

1856–1939

21 ideas